Sunday, May 28, 2006

Carrying the Stones of Remembrance


Celtic Christianity fascinates me. I know it’s not March, but today we remember St. Patrick’s Day as a day to drink beer, wear green, carry around four leaf clovers and change the color of the Chicago River, but few know who he was or what he did that was so important. A lot of historians talk about the time when Patrick and the early Irish monastics lived as the Dark Ages. In the 5th century, Rome had fallen to invasions by Germanic tribes and later Vandals, signaling the end of classical culture and civilization. What replaced it may have seemed a bit barbaric by comparison. Buildings were burned, books were lost, and in many sections of the former Roman empire the world fell into silence. Not that the world was silent, but in times of political unrest and social upheaval, people think less about writing and more about how they’re going to keep their head on their shoulders or food in their bellies.

Enter Patrick, or Patricius, who lived six years as a slave in Ireland tending sheep, mostly in solitude, living a much different, more dangerous, and lonelier life than he might have imagined back in post-Roman Britain. In the midst of this he finds God, ends up walking 200 miles across Ireland to the coast, boards a ship, and finds freedom, only to return to Ireland years later, the home of his former masters, to tell them about Christianity in such a way that resonates with the things they had known to be true about the world. He didn’t ask them to become Roman Christians, but to be Irishmen and women who would know and love the one who created them.

Some of the things about Celtic Christianity I’m really drawn to are their ideas about hospitality and community. A good man or woman is a generous one, and laws of hospitality and generosity were not just valued, but made up the fabric of their culture. Men and women were seen more as equals, valued. If women could fight in battle then they could also be queens, or later abbesses (Brigid). The Irish loved nature, and saw beauty in all of creation, whether on the moors, the rocky coastlines, the crashing sea, the green hills, the deep forests, or the sparkling lakes and wells. Life was passionate, both in the bedroom and on the battlefield, and there was a frank honesty about sexuality and a thirst for knowledge. The spiritual and physical were closely intertwined, and the thin places were where the seen and the unseen came closest together, this world and the next, and it was evident that they had stepped over into something bigger than just what lay before them.

But one of the things especially I like about Celtic Christianity are the ways they would remember these thin places and God moments in the world and in their lives, the cairn stones. The cairn stones served as markers, a pile of rocks formed into a mound. Sometimes they represented the end of a journey or pilgrimage. Sometimes they marked a place where God had “shown up” or had shown His beauty through creation in such a way that you had to stop and reflect on it (worship). I’ve never been to Ireland, but from what I hear, there are many places to stop and just soak in the beauty of it. Sometimes it was to remember that people had been there before, and adding one more stone to the pile was a way of being part of something shared, something bigger. For whatever reason, they served as a way to remember. Why? Because we forget.

As I began reading about the stones, I thought about Jacob in the book of Genesis, who had just stolen the blessing of the firstborn from his brother Esau, and now was fleeing for his life to his uncle, (and future father-in-law) Laban (close family). On the way he stopped for the night and found a rock for a pillow and fell asleep, and had strange dreams. He saw angels ascending and descending a staircase into heaven. Some would say the moral of this is that you should never go to sleep with a rock as a pillow, but when Jacob woke up he realized he had encountered something. “This is God’s house,” he said, “and I had no idea.” He renames the place Bethel (God’s house), though it had formerly been called Luz (not very memorable) and sets up a stone marker, a memorial. He doesn’t want to forget this moment. It’s a reminder that God showed up.

Later, when Moses had died and Joshua was leading the Israelites--a nation of former slaves and wandering nomads who had been stripped down during forty years in the desert--Joshua leads the people through the Jordan River (much like the crossing through the Red Sea) and they grab twelve stones from the middle of the river for the twelve tribes, and set them up as a marker on the other side. Don’t forget this day, God is trying to tell them. Remember where you’ve been, remember where you came from, remember that I showed up and I’m taking care of you.

That generation does remember, but the next one does not. The book of Judges talks about the cycle of people remembering and forgetting, remembering and forgetting. When they forget, other nations enslave them again, then God steps in, rescues them, they remember for a while and then they forget again. Over and over this happens, and reading this sometimes we think, “When will these people learn? Why do they keep forgetting?” And then we realize that their story is our story. We all forget. We all need to be reminded of the moments when God showed up. We all have spiritual Alzheimer’s.

In Deuteronomy 6, God talks about teaching these things to your children and your children’s children. Put them on the doorframes of your houses, on your heads, your hands. Talk about them when you lie down and when you get up, when you’re eating and when you’re on the road. Everywhere. Don’t forget.

What things? What’s he talking about? He’s saying, remember the signposts in our lives, the moments when God showed up. Some of the Jews read these passages and took God literally, creating wooden boxes and attaching them to their foreheads, and making long flowing tassels called phyllacteries on their clothing that would go swish swish, but what God’s really talking about is that we need to burn these moments down deep, into our hearts, the way we think, the way we act, the way we live. He’s saying, “Let it become so much a part of you that it becomes the air you breathe, the food you eat, the water you drink.” The good things, the moments, the days, the freedom from slavery, the stepping in and rescuing moments, the ends of armies and chariots, the times when water came from nowhere and food that wasn’t there the night before shows up on the doorstep, enough to fill stomachs and give energy, hold onto these moments. Don’t forget.

My cousin and her husband have a plaque in their house, and on it are different things that have happened in the course of their marriage. Whenever something big happens they get another metal tag engraved, add it to the plaque, until it’s become quite a list. There’s the day John started his teaching job. There’s the birth of their firstborn. The day they paid off their car. The day they bought their house. The day their daughter was born. When I first saw the plaque I asked John what it was about, and he said, “It’s so we can remember all the times God took care of us.”

Shortly after that my aunt and I were having a conversation. “Nothing good ever happens to me,” I said, running down a list of personal failures and disappointments.

“That’s not true,” she said, stopping until there was an uncomfortable silence between us. She wasn’t going to let me off with this one. She ran down a list of her own. “There was the fact that you were born when your mom wasn’t even supposed to be able to conceive. The fact you weren’t aborted. There was the day you came to live with us. There was the day you came back. There were the years of protection, the planting of seeds that made you believe there was something more than what you were living in. These are the signposts in your life. These are the things you have to hold onto when you’re in the desert and things haven’t happened in a while and you’re wondering and questioning whether your life has any meaning. These are the things you have to remember.”

After that, I started seeing that all of those things were there, I just hadn’t been looking for them. There are times when I wonder if life is mostly good (the signposts), and the deserts and dark places are in between times that we don’t understand, but they can still shape us and be used for good. There are other times when I think that life is meaningless, absurd, one progression of pain and loss after another, where the good moments are the cruelties that give us enough hope that when it gets snatched and pulled away from us leaves us hurting even more. In those times we need the signposts, we need the markers more than ever, the stones we carry to pile up, one on top of another, until we realize that the reality of God moments in our lives are actually a growing mound.

Once I began looking for those moments, I began seeing more and more all around me. It wasn’t that the events were different, but maybe my ability to see them became more focused. Before I started writing this tonight, I got back from a visit to see a friend an hour away who is heading off to Africa for six months. On the way I shared the car trip with two people I had never met, yet we didn’t run out of things to talk about, and one of the guys was from Kenya. I learned a lot about the political history of Kenya, Uganda, and Swaziland, and I wouldn’t have known it if we hadn’t traveled together. The man I met and his wife just had a baby four weeks ago. A week ago I saw another friend. The visit was far too short, but the time we did have was wonderful, and we spent a lot of time with good food, good conversation, and plenty of laughter.

These mounds don’t grow in isolation. We add our rocks, our God moments to the pile, then someone adds theirs, and someone else adds theirs, and another, and another, until the mound in front of us bears witness that God is not dead, but doing something, sometimes behind the scenes, sometimes right in front of our eyes if we have the ability to see, to remember, to not become distracted or sidetracked by all the other things that make us try to discount the moments. We live in thin places all around us, where heaven is trying to break through into our lives, not just through a church service or in ways we expect, but into our moments where we find ourselves.

Here’s six months when I didn’t know how I was going to pay the bills, and at the end of the month the bills were paid. *stone drops*

Here’s moving to Michigan without knowing anyone and without a job, and not getting one job but two, not knowing anyone but making some wonderful friendships. *plink*

Here’s losing my job in 1996, and in 24-hours making plans to move to Boise for six months. *stones drop*

Here’s struggling with suicide the first six months in Michigan and friends who called at the right time or the nights I went to sleep after taking sleeping pills and still waking up the next morning. *stones drop*

Here’s the conversations with students about their lives and the things they taught me, the healing and forgiveness I’ve found in my relationship with my stepmom, going overseas, the countless conversations with close friends, the relationships with women I’ve learned from, my friends’ children . . .

9 comments:

Enemy of the Republic said...

I just found this post. I knew you were going to do something with Celtic spirituality, but what a metaphor you made. I want to think about the earlier part--I often think of Celtic spirtuality as Druidism, and St. Patrick as the killer of the native faith--so many Druids were murdered in the name of Christ as they were in Briton under Roman rule. Yes, the faith needed to spead, but through bloodshed? Or am I naive again? I agree that the teachings of the monks are beautiful, but one reason Irish civilization florished while others dissapated was that the fall of the Roman empire didn't affect much since the teachings of Christianity hadn't penetrated into a jihad. I have read St. Patrick too, and he did some marvelous things, but I regret the destruction of another stronghold of genuine Celtic culture that came from the shores of Galaticia Spain (sorry about spelling.)

Enemy of the Republic said...

By the way, don't forget us at Bloodless. We need your wisdom. I'd like Lux to read your post here.

Enemy of the Republic said...

I probably missed the real point of your post. Sorry.

Cliff said...

Thanks for the post, Enemy. I'm still learning tons about Celtic Christianity, so you may have some insights into some of this. One of the things I read about the Celts and the conversion to Christianity was that in Celtic paganism, the druids were the teachers, counselors to the king, the keepers of stories, and lovers of nature wisdom. I know that at times they burned human sacrifices in wicker baskets as a fertility rite, and often the sacrifice was the son of a king who had been raised for this purpose. (any connections to the story of Christ here?)

When Patrick and others began preaching in Ireland, specifically about Christianity, Patrick showed some cultural sensitivity and saw the redeeming aspects in culture and tried to keep them, while bringing them under a Christian worldview. This has some major implications on missions.

Many missionary efforts I'm aware of in the past centuries have been imperialistic in nature and many of the Christian churches in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world look more like American outposts. From my understanding, this is also what Roman Christianity did that Irish Christianity did NOT. I agree that there's something inherently wrong with preaching a faith through violent means. We look at Columbus' expeditions, the Crusades, some of the Reformation wars, and other examples as a painful reminder of bloody evangelism that still hangs over Christianity's head even today (Columbus: Hey, wanna know about Jesus? Wow, look at the pretty gold! Kill them! (Okay, maybe overly simplistic)).

I'm not sure I'm following you from the first comment, but Patrick's methods anyway were peaceful, though he often lived with the threat of his own assassination looming over his head. I'm not trying to paint a naive picture here, because I'm also aware of the monasteries that fought each other (Columcille (or Columbanus) was a warrior monk who may have gone to war with one abbey for the sole purpose of gaining access to the Book of Kells. As a result he was exiled to Scotland until the number of people he brought to Christ was greater than the number of people he had killed). You're right, they were not free of violence, and some of their focus on disciplines may seem extreme (similar to Eastern monasticism), but I'm willing to look a little deeper, and I think there are some valuable gems to bring to the surface that still speak to where we are in the 21st century.

Maybe I should mention too that I've been talking mostly about the Irish branch of Celtic culture. I would like to hear more about what happened in Spain, since I'm not sure what you were referring to. I know that Patrick came to Ireland because of Irish raiders. Years later the tables turned when Britain began invading Ireland and making slaves of the Irish, just like the Irish had done earlier. Maybe we can talk more about the Celts in Britain Gaul, and Spain another time; I'm definitely interested. I'd also be interested in talking more about the Crusades. I hope to read more about them this summer.

Thanks again for the comments.

Cliff said...

P.S. I brought up the druids but then didn't complete that thought. I mentioned them mainly because when they converted to Christianity, there wasn't a huge transition between the role of the druid and the role of an abbot as a spiritual leader in the community. In fact, the concept of a "soul brother" or what we would call an accountability partner today, comes from the druids.

When the Irish monastic communities adopted this concept, a visitor to the community would first be introduced to a "soul brother" who would meet periodically with the person to pray for them, read Scripture, and just be someone to talk with and lean on. Then the newcomer would have dinner with the abbot. I think this idea is very attractive, and we're starting to implement it in our small groups and friendships and accountability partners. Whether soul brothers (and sisters) or sword brothers/sisters, we are realizing that living in isolation can be a very hard thing. Sometimes we need others to lean on, to go with us through our times of grief, suffering, and loneliness. While we all fall on our own (the "army of one" idea just doesn't work), when we have people standing beside us, watching our back while we watch theirs, we just might get out of this thing alive.

Maybe another time I'll talk about the idea of sovereignty and the relationship between a king and his people.

Enemy of the Republic said...

Patrick was a Briton who was captured, released, then willing went over to Ireland to convert the Irish. He himself was not unruly, but many of his disciples showed great violence to the Druids and they put up a good fight until the 10th century. There was also a great deal of Druid culture in Wales as well and Cornwall, although the Romans knocked out the Briton Druids by the end of the first century. The first Druids in Ireland were believed to have come from Galicia, Spain, a Northern province. They carried on the bard tradition previously known among the Greeks and the ancient Hebrews. We don't know a heck of a lot about the Druids, but I have a book called, of all things, The Druids, which is pretty readable. What I don't like in the accounts of St. Patrick is that the Druids are called savages (no), pagans, (sure) and there is little understanding of their relationship to the earth, sky and the cycles of nature in their faith. In pre, during and post Roman times, people had to depend on the earth in a way we do not. That's why there was such an emphasis on pantheism in the Druid faith, unlike in Christianity, which replaced the God within nature as the ominipotent Trinity. I am not knocking what you are saying; the Irish monks literally did keep civilization alive (along with the Byzantium empire) when the rest of Europe was crumbling during the Dark Ages. And there are aspects of the culture that you speak of and the Guynight guys see that frankly I missed and even now that I get it, I know I don't think that way. But then again, not a drop of Irish in this girl.

Cliff said...

Thanks for the info, Enemy. I think I've seen the book DRUIDS, too. Alastor may even have a copy of it. I started reading a copy of The History of Britain by Rebecca Frasier (she also wrote a bio on Charlotte Bronte), which covers come of the Celtic history (Queen Bodicca among them, Diviacus, Casselevaunas (?) and others). Julius Caesar tried to invade Celtic Britain, but had a boating problem. Unfortunately they were invaded by later waves.

You touched on the dependence and close ties ancient cultures had to nature, including the druids. Maybe we're some of the first generations who don't have an understanding or connection to nature and agriculture (maybe Rome and Greece could say the same?).

As I've been thinking about your comments though, I've wondered about the conflict of worldviews between Christianity and paganism. Judaism also had a similar conflicting, and sometimes syncretistic, relationship between their monotheistic view of YHWH and the fertility cultures of Canaan, Philistia, Egypt and Babylon. One view sees God as creating nature and giving humans the role of caretakers in nature, the other sees gods within nature, and therefore inherently divine (and not someone you'd want to piss off. Think about the Ents' reaction to the cutting of trees).

I think sometimes Christians oversimplify or miss what was being communicated by other cultures. When some of these cultures worshipped gods of wood and stone, they didn't necessarily think the wood or stone was god, but maybe a symbol, or representation, a stand-in for the god. Still, I think we have to look at the differences between the worldviews. Up to this point I've been talking about the things I like, the redeeming aspects of these worldviews. I think there are a lot of perspectives that see glimpses of God, but there are also things that seem to be in contradiction. The name "Baal" for instance, means master, and the relationship between this god and his people was a master/slave relationship. In Sumer and Mesopotamia, it seemed like people worshipped the gods because they were afraid of their anger, wanted to appease them (Egyptians worshipping snakes and scorpions because they were poisonous and thought by worshipping them, they'd turn away their "anger").

In Hosea, though, God describes Himself as "husband," trying to woo his people. This takes on a radically different relational dimension between God and people. The same is true with God's relationship with Abraham. Maybe in other cultures, the role of trickster is big because of this fear relationship to the gods. Getting one by the big people is to be admired, because the gods are hated, not loved. However, some of the morals of tragedy are: "The gods always find out, and humans should not reach for greatness, because they'll pay for it (Prometheus, Gilgamesh's Enkidu, etc.)

I'm not justifying the violent treatment of druids, and still think peaceful means are often better longterm than violent. The Crusades, for all their violence, seemed to accomplish nothing, yet Francis of Assissi, through his life and example, was given audience to preach in front of the Muslim king of (I think Sudan).

Enemy of the Republic said...

Well, I'm impressed. I have to go to class, but I want to add that much of the Catholic Church ritual was stolen from Greek and Roman mythology, and the candle emphasis also comes from Judaism. King Arthur became a Christian, but he was also the land--this was a Briton belief when a king was finally chosen--think of King Mark of Tristan and Isolde (the myth, not the movie.) I will write more later.

Enemy of the Republic said...
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